Final answer:
Gene expression is the process by which the information contained in DNA is used to create proteins, through the steps of transcription and translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process described in the question is gene expression, wherein the information contained within the nucleotides of a DNA molecule is transcribed into mRNA. Subsequently, this information is used to express a functional product known as a protein through a process called translation. Specifically, gene expression involves two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied to produce mRNA. During translation, this mRNA then guides the synthesis of a protein by dictating the order in which amino acids are linked together. Each triad of mRNA nucleotides, known as a codon, corresponds to one amino acid. The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of the resulting protein, ultimately influencing the cell's behavior and function.