Think of an unknown number "x".
multiply it by 3 --> 3 x
add 4 --> 3 x + 4
divide the answer by 4: --> (3 x + 4 ) / 4
this is 3 less than the original number:
(3 x + 4)/ 4 = x - 3 <== This is the equation that represents the problem
solve for "x", starting by multiplying by 4 both sides to get rid of the denominator on the left:
3 x + 4 = 4 x - 12
subtract 3 x from both sides to gather all the terms in 'x" on the right.
4 = 4 x - 3 x - 12
combine
4 = x - 12
add 12 on both sides:
16 = x <== this is the answer
Then the original number was x = 16