- Replacement-level of fertility
It is the amount of fertility needed in one population, to maintain the size of the population the same from one generation to another. (D)
- Density-independent factors
It is any force or factor that affects the size of a population regardless of its density, for example, environment pollution. (B)
- Density-dependent factors
It is any force or factors that affect a population in response to the number of individuals that conform to it, for example, competition or diseases. (C)
- Rule of the 70
It is a method used to determine the number of years that it takes a population to double its size based on its growth rate. (A)