For a function, an input or value of x must not have more than one output or value of y. Considering the given relation,
R= {(1, 4), (1, 3), (-1, 3), (2, 15) }
The input value of x = 1 corresponds to two output values of y = 3 and y = 4
Thus, the ordered pairs that prevent this relation from being a function is
(1, 4) and (1, 3), because they have the same x-value