Solution:
Monosaccharide:
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. This means that they do not hydrolyze, or in other words, they do not break down into other simpler compounds. Its empirical formula is
now, two examples of these types of molecules would be:
1. The 5-carbon monosaccharides, also called pentoses. An example of this type of monosaccharides would be D-Ribose.
2. The 3-carbon monosaccharides, also called trioses. An example of this class of monosaccharides would be D-Glyceraldehyde.
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides:
The disaccharides and polysaccharides are all constructed from monosaccharides that are covalently bonded together by condensation reactions that form glycosidic linkages.
One such linkage between two monosaccharides forms a disaccharide and Polysaccharides are giant polymers of monosaccharides connected by glycosidic linkages.
Now, two examples of disaccharides would be:
1. a molecule of sucrose: formed from a glucose molecule and a
fructose molecule.
2. a molecule of lactose: formed from glucose and galactose.
On the other hand, two examples of polysaccharides would be:
1. Glycogen: a highly branched polysaccharide of glucose.
2. Cellulose is also a polysaccharide of glucose, but its individual monosaccharides are connected by β-glycosidic linkages.