Answer:
After the end of the Civil War, during the Reconstruction process, African Americans were recognized a whole series of civil and political rights that equated them (in theory) with the whites. Now, with the end of Reconstruction, these rights were suppressed by the southern states of the nation, through the process of segregation and the application of the theory of "separate but equal". Thus, different limitations such as literacy tests or poll taxes were applied to prevent black people from voting. Finally, after years of mobilizations and claims framed in the Civil Rights Movement, in 1965 the right to vote was recognized for all African Americans through the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act.