we have p(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 - 16x + 48
this is a polynomial equation
the first thing we need to do is to find the factors of 48
factors of 48 are 1 and 48, 2 and 24, 3 and 16, 4 and 12, -1 and -48, -2 and -24, -3 and -16, -4 and -12
since we already know the factors of 48