Final answer:
The phrase "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" means the Senate must provide their approval for certain actions taken by the President, such as making treaties and appointing government officials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" means that the Senate must provide their approval for certain actions taken by the President. Specifically, it refers to the President's power to make treaties and to appoint certain government officials, including ambassadors, judges, and other officers of the United States.
Thus, the phrase "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" in the U.S. Constitution means that certain presidential powers, such as making treaties and appointing key officials, require Senate approval. The Senate provides advice and must give its consent through a two-thirds majority vote for these actions to take effect.