To find the equation to d (number of ducks in the pond) you can divide the description as follow:
There were 47 ducks in a pond, a dog scared 29: Substract the number of ducks that leave the pond from the initial number of ducks: (47-29)
After the dog got otr, 5 groups of 3 (5 x 3) returned tothe pond: you add it to the first part as thise ducks returned.