In all these derivatives, we need to use the chain rule of derivatives. The rule tell us, that for two function f and g, the derivative of their composition is:
Then,
a) Here we know that the derivative of the exponential function, is the exponential function. By the chain rule:
b) The derivative of the sin function is the cosine function. Again, by the chain rule:
c) The derivative of the cosine function is minus the sine function:
d) The derivative of the tangent is the secant squared.