If the atomic number of the atom is 14, it means that there are 14 electrons in the atom.
Take into account that the number of electrons in the outer electron shell is obtained by considering the electronic distribution of all electrons.
Then, you have for Z=14:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²
the previous line is the way electrons are distributed in the atom. Coefficients 1, 2 and 3 refer to the shell of the atom, which in this case are three shells. letters s and p refere tu the sub-shells and exponent refer to t