Question

Better relationships with the Panamanian and West Indian construction workers that eventually became the primary labor force of the US

Permanent military alliances with Colombia and unrestricted access to their coffee supplies

Easier commercial shipping and faster naval responses to the Pacific

Longer quarantine periods and the invention of the malaria vaccine

Answer 1

Tariffs.

Non-tariff barriers to trade.

Import licenses.

Export licenses.

Step-by-step explanation: