A standard deck contains 52 cards; without all the aces and twos, it would have 52-8=44 cards in total.
a) There are 13 heart cards in a normal deck; in this one, there are 13-2=11 heart cards; therefore,
![\begin{gathered} P(heart)=(11)/(44)=(1)/(4) \\ \Rightarrow P(heart)=(1)/(4) \end{gathered}](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/college/p7jyh7zwfokxdx70ifawyrair3sys4ongp.png)
The answer to part a) is P(heart)=1/4.
b) Half of the cards in a standard deck are black; since we removed 4 red cards and 4 black cards,
![P(black)=(22)/(44)=(1)/(2)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/college/w1jmhaidxjs3i7cdkicpvhjob4u8kbdn41.png)
P(black)=1/2
c) There are 12 face cards in a normal deck and none of them was removed; thus,
![P(face_{})=(12)/(44)=(3)/(11)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/college/qfk57f96cb9gcqp4lr1cfgrvopaarkqmh4.png)
P(face card)=3/11
d) In general, if A is an event,
![P(notA)=1-P(A)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/college/tt6tchn4de5u7at7g09vkpdgsh2zly5zrt.png)
Therefore, in our case,
![\begin{gathered} P(notHeart)=1-P(heart)=1-(1)/(4)=(3)/(4) \\ \Rightarrow P(notHeart)=(3)/(4) \end{gathered}](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/college/t3q6r49zg2j66ttkizpwhhbftkhi36jue8.png)
P(not heart)=3/4