Final answer:
People are ushered into a permanent second-class status by the criminal justice system through longer prison sentences, racial disparities in sentencing, and lack of post-incarceration employment opportunities, which perpetuates social and economic disadvantages.
Step-by-step explanation:
Three ways that people may be ushered into a permanent second-class status via the criminal justice system include:
- Longer and harsher prison sentences for crimes that might not warrant such penalties in other countries, leading to extended periods of disenfranchisement even for minor offenses.
- Racial disparities in sentencing and incarceration rates, with certain minority groups, notably African Americans, facing significantly higher rates of imprisonment, which in turn affects voting rights and representation.
- Lack of opportunities for employment post-incarceration, creating a cycle of poverty and social stagnation, particularly along stark racial lines.