Final answer:
The excerpt helps us understand David as a ruler of the Israelites by highlighting his effective leadership and successful efforts in driving back the Philistines. David is depicted as a model of just rule for medieval kings and is shown as a musician and composer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The excerpt helps us understand David as a ruler of the Israelites by highlighting his effective leadership and successful efforts in driving back the Philistines, one of the many Sea Peoples groups. David is depicted as a model of just rule for medieval kings and is shown as a musician and composer, sitting atop a boulder playing his harp. He established Jerusalem as the capital, suppressed surrounding kingdoms, and built a temple to Yahweh.