We were told that the population of the state of New York was approximately 19.65 million and the population of New York City was 8406000 students in 2013. Expressing both figures using scientific notation, we have
State of new york = 19.65 * 10^6(a million has 6 zeros)
New york city = 8.406 * 10^6(counting from the decimal point after 8, there are 6 digits)
The number of people in New york city that doesn't live in New york state is
19.65 * 10^6 - 8.406^6
= 11.244 * 10^6
The answer in standard notation is 11.244 * 10^6
p = 11.244 and q = 6