Indigenous peoples were forced to move out of their homeland. Ex the Proclamation of 1763 made it so natives had to move to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. Another ex, the Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears made it so Cherokee who were native to Georgia had to move west to the Oklahoma area.
Indigenous people were killed by disease. Ex about 90% were killed by smallpox, measles or flu.
The Europeans converted natives to Christians. While actively getting rid of native culture.
Colonizations also introduced indigenous people to new technologies, plants and animals.