After a big environmental disturbance such as a volcanic eruption, the ecosystem is able to replace their communities by ecological sucession, it can be put in the following order of events to reestablish the ecosystem:
1 - Pioneer species, such as lichen and moss enter soil-less area;
2 - Pioneer species help break down rocks present to from soil;
3 - Grass species move into the area;
4 - Herbaceous plants and small shrubs enter the area;
5 - Small trees and evergreens become established;
6 - Climax community of deciduous hardwood tree species becomes established.