Question: What are the differences and similarities between anaphase 1 in MEIOSIS and anaphase in MITOSIS?
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphase in mitosis:
At the beginning of anaphase, there is a separation of the sister chromatids.
The two sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the spindle.
Each chromatid contains a double strand of DNA and this chromatid is now called the daughter chromosome.
Anaphase 1 in meiosis:
Homologous chromosomes separate.
The individual chromosomes, each still consisting of two chromatids, are pulled toward the poles, with one homolog of a pair going to one pole and the other homolog going to the opposite pole. Note that this process differs from the separation of chromatids during mitotic anaphase.
Each of the two daughter nuclei from this division contains only one set of chromosomes, not the two sets that were present in the original diploid nucleus.
However, because they consist of two chromatids instead of just one, each of these chromosomes has twice the mass of a chromosome at the end of a mitotic division.
Answer:
Difference between Anaphase 1 in Meiosis and Anaphase in Mitosis:
At the beginning of anaphase in Mitosis, there is a separation of the sister chromatids. The two sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the spindle. While in Anaphase 1 in Meiosis the individual chromosomes, each still consisting of two chromatids, are pulled toward the poles, with one homolog of a pair going to one pole and the other homolog going to the opposite pole.
The similarity between Anaphase 1 in Meiosis and Anaphase in Mitosis:
Chromosomal genetic material moves toward the poles of the cell in the two anaphase processes (anaphase 1 of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis). In fact, in the kinetochores, there are proteins that act as molecular motors. These proteins are also called cytoplasmic dynein and can hydrolyze ATP to ADP and phosphate, releasing the energy needed to move chromosomal material along microtubules toward the poles of the cell.