a) he used factoring
b) The mistake was in the 5th and 8th step
(x-3)^2 = 16
x-3 = 16
He only applied square root to the left side of the equation.
c)
To eliminate the exponent we have to apply square root to both sides of the equation:
√[(x-3)^2] = √16
x-3 = 4
x = 4 + 3
x= 7
x-3= -4
x = -4 + 3
x = -1