Final answer:
The Olmec period began around 1200 BCE and ended around 400 BCE. The Olmec civilization had a complex social structure, and they depended on the cooperation and contribution of each social class. The achievements of the Olmec include skilled architecture, intricate sculptures, a complex calendar system, and colossal stone heads.
Step-by-step explanation:
List the year each period began and ended:
(a) Olmec: The Olmec period began around 1200 BCE and ended around 400 BCE.
(b) Formative or Preclassic Maya: The Formative or Preclassic Maya period began around 2000 BCE and ended around 400 BCE.
(c) Classic Maya: The Classic Maya period began around 250 CE and ended around 900 CE.
(d) Postclassic Maya: The Postclassic Maya period began around 900 CE and ended with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century.
Describe the social structure that developed in the Olmec civilization and how they depended on each other.
The Olmec civilization had a complex social structure. At the top of the social hierarchy were the rulers or kings, followed by the noble and warrior classes. Below them were the common people, who were mainly farmers and artisans. The Olmec society depended on the cooperation and contribution of each social class for its survival and prosperity.
List and describe the achievements of the Olmec.
The Olmec civilization made significant achievements in various fields. They were skilled architects and built monumental structures such as pyramids and temples. They were also skilled artisans and created intricate sculptures and carvings, including the famous colossal heads. In addition, the Olmec developed a complex calendar system and made advancements in agriculture and trade.
Describe the colossal heads that were built by the Olmec and why they were built.
The Olmec built colossal stone heads, which are considered one of their most iconic achievements. These massive heads were sculpted out of basalt and depicted the faces of powerful individuals, possibly rulers or important figures. The purpose of these colossal heads is not fully understood, but they may have served as symbols of power, authority, or ancestral worship.