Answer:
1. it's saying we live in a world where people think more about themselves and try to protect themselves from other people
2. The second one is saying people are naturally good but influences and the decision they accept make them bad.
3. I agree with both
if you choose column A: I agree with column A because people do tend to put themselves before others instead of putting others before themselves in order to protect themselves from danger
if you choose column B: I agree with column B because a person can be raised up to be a great person, but once they're exposed to evil and agree with it, then they become a bad person through their choice and influence.
4. (i think it was The French Revolution of 1789) when i searched this last question i found: "The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Catholic Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism, communism, and neoclassicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment."