The potential across the battery is 3.0 V.
We can use Ohm's law to solve this problem:
V = IR
where:
V is the potential difference in volts (V)
I is the current in amperes (A)
R is the resistance in ohms (Ω)
We know that the current is 5.0 A and the resistance is 2.0 Ω, so we can plug these values into Ohm's law to find the potential across the battery:
V = (5.0 A)(2.0 Ω) = 10 V
However, the image shows that the potential across the battery is 3.0 V. This is because the battery has an internal resistance, which is not shown in the circuit diagram.
The internal resistance is a small resistance that is present in all batteries. It is caused by the chemical reactions that take place inside the battery.
The potential across the battery is equal to the electromotive force (EMF) of the battery minus the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery.
The EMF of the battery is the voltage that the battery would produce if it had no internal resistance.
We can use the following equation to calculate the potential across the battery:
V = EMF - Ir
where:
V is the potential difference in volts (V)
EMF is the electromotive force of the battery in volts (V)
Ir is the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery in volts (V)
We know that the potential across the battery is 3.0 V, the current is 5.0 A, and the resistance of the resistor is 2.0 Ω. We can use this information to calculate the internal resistance of the battery:
Ir = V - EMF = 3.0 V - 10 V = -7.0 V
Since the voltage drop across the internal resistance is negative, it means that the internal resistance is in series with the battery.
This means that the current must flow through the internal resistance before it can flow through the battery.
The internal resistance of the battery is typically very small, but it can become significant for high currents.
For example, a car battery has a very low internal resistance, which allows it to deliver high currents to the starter motor.
In conclusion, the potential across the battery is 3.0 V. The battery has an internal resistance, which is not shown in the circuit diagram.
The internal resistance is a small resistance that is present in all batteries and it causes the voltage drop across the battery.