Based on historical facts, the following are true:
Period of artistic and intellectual activity - Renaissance.
Period between a.d. 500 and 1500 - Middle Ages.
Capital of the eastern Roman Empire - Constantinople.
Independent country located within the city of Rome - Vatican City.
Powerful Greek city-state - Athens or Sparta.
Historical Periods
There was the Middle Ages from 500 AD to 1500 AD which saw a lot of scientific suppression. This was followed by the Renaissance that saw art and intellectual activity flourish.
Notable nations and cities
Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire until the Ottomans took it. The Vatican City is located in Rome and Athens and Sparta were power Greek city-states.