Answer:
In the early 18th century, the Ottoman empire was falling apart - allowing there to be room for rebellions, as well as power struggles between officials, priests and military leaders. The economy was suffering because of competition between local produce + Western import. During this decline, European competitors took advantage and strengthened themselves. E.g. the Ottomans were moved out of Hungary + northern Balkans by Austrians, and from the Caucasus and Crimea by Russians. Leader Sultan Abdul Hamid (1878-1908) removed the constitution and also limited freedom of the people - but he continued military and educational reform and railway and telegraph construction. When he was overthrown, civil rights and the constitution were reintroduced, but the empire was greatly weakened due to wars. After Turkey entered WWI, it completely died out.
Also, in the late 18th century, the Qing empire was in decline as well. There was an exam system provided by bureaucrats and was full of corruption, favoritism, bribery, etc. The government was used as a means of power and wealth - not for establishing beneicial change to the country. This cost the empire a lot of money, which weakened military, etc. By mid-19th century, floods caused a great decline in resources, and there was also increased migrations + theft/killings.
Step-by-step explanation: