Final answer:
Earth's natural satellite is referred to as the Moon, which is about one fourth the size of Earth and orbits at a distance of roughly 384,000 kilometers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earth's natural satellite is commonly known as the Moon. It stands as our closest astronomical neighbor and has been a subject of study for understanding lunar and interplanetary dynamics. The Moon orbits Earth at a distance of about 384,000 kilometers, which is roughly 30 times the diameter of Earth. Its own diameter is approximately 3476 kilometers, making it about one fourth the size of Earth. Beyond serving as our natural satellite, the Moon, with a capital 'M', distinguishes itself from other moons, which are natural satellites of other planets. Since the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, the term 'satellite' also applies to human-made objects in orbit around Earth or other celestial bodies.