Answer:
. Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism vs. conservative authoritarianism: a contrast 1. Conservative authoritarianism: traditional form of antidemocratic government in Europe (absolutism) a. Examples: Louis XIV, Peter the Great, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Klemens von Metternich b. Regimes sought to prevent major changes from undermining the existing social order. Most people went about their lives and were more concerned with local affairs that directly affected them rather than national affairs. c. Popular participation in government was forbidden or severely limited. This is a stark contrast to 20th century totalitarianism where people were expected to participate in the system and actively support the regime. o Stalin’s 5-Year Plans in Russia o Hitler Youth in Germany d. It was limited in power and in objectives (it usually sought the status quo). It lacked modern technology and communications and could not control many aspects of their subjects’ lives. It usually limited its demands to taxes, army recruits, and passive acceptance of the regime. e. Conservative authoritarianism reemerged after WWI, especially in less-developed eastern Europe and in Spain and Portugal. Only Czechoslovakia remained democratic. f. The Great Depression in the 1930s ended various levels of democracy in Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Estonia, and Latvia. 2. Totalitarianism a. New technology made total control possible (e.g., radio, automobile, and telephone).