Question

Respond to the following based on your reading.

1. Name the three common states of matter on earth.
2. Which states of matter have a set shape? Explain why this is, based on the
а
animations you observed for the different states of matter.
3. Which states of matter have a set volume? Explain why this is, based on the
animations you observed for the different states of matter.
4. The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid substance will turn to
vapor, and also the temperature at which vapor will condense to a liquid. The
a
boiling point of ethanol is about 80°C, and the boiling point of water is about
100°C.
a. What can you conclude about the intermolecular forces in water and
ethanol?
b. Do you predict water freezes at a higher temperature or at a lower
temperature than ethanol?
5. Recall how different Van der Waals attractions and how ionic charges changed
the movement of atoms in the animation. Do you think that Van der Waals
attractions or ionic charges are stronger? Why?

Answer 1

Most people are familiar with three states of matter – solids, liquids and gases – but there are two more that are less commonly known but just as important – plasmas and Bose-Einstein condensates. They are very compressible (particles are widely spaced). There are three states of matter: solid; liquid and gas. They have different properties, which can be explained by looking at the arrangement of their particles.

atoms

An atom is the smallest particle of an element, having the same chemical properties as the bulk element. The first accurate theory explaining the nature of matter was Dalton's Atomic Theory: 1. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

What are the 8 states of matter?

Bose–Einstein condensate.

Fermionic condensate.

Degenerate matter.

Quantum Hall.

Rydberg matter.

Rydberg polaron.

Strange matter.

Superfluid

Answer 2

1. Liquid, Solid, Gas

2. Solid has a set shape. Solid can move but gas and liquid is more flexible than solid.

3. Solid has a fixed volume while liquid and gas takes the volume of its container. Solid stays in one place while gas and liquid are flexible.

4. A. The stronger the intermolecular forces in a liquid the higher the boiling point. Therefore, water has a stronger intermolecular force than ethanol.

B. Water molecules are more attracted to each other than ethanol (alcohol) molecules, because water has more hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen. ... So, that's why alcohol has a much lower freezing point

5. Ionic charges are stronger.

Covalent bonds are known to have the strongest and most stable bonds since they go deep and into the inter-molecular state. A diamond is an example of a compound with this characteristic bond.

Ionic bonds are the next strongest molecular bond following covalent bonds. This is due to the protons and electrons causing an electro-static force which results to the strong bonds. An example would be Sodium Chloride (NaCl), which when separated is Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

Van der Waals forces, also known as Dispersion forces, are the weakest type of molecular bonds. They are only formed through residual molecular attractions when molecules pass by each other. It doesn't even last long due to the uneven electron dispersion. It can be made stronger by adding more electrons in the molecule. This kind of molecular bonds appear in non-polar molecules such as carbon dioxide.

Step-by-step explanation:

These are the answers based on the reading material provided by James Madison High School