Answer:
air conditioning
How did the Industrial Revolution influence urbanization?
It was the direct cause of lots of it. Before the industrial revolution, most British people lived in villages and most economic activity was in agriculture and fishing, or in trades that supported it. In 1801 Norwich was the 3rd or 4th largest city in Britain and had a population of 36,000. England as a whole had 9 million people. By the mid-20th century, 90%+ of people lived in towns and cities and the economy was driven by industrial production. (Now it is mostly services, which is another story.)
Cities such as Manchester, Birmingham and Middlesbrough were entirely created by industrialisation, as were towns such as Swindon, Rugby, Preston and Rochdale. Other towns were transformed from quite small to large, e.g. Leicester, Nottingham, Glasgow.
A spin-off from industrialisation was the cultural pattern of working people having two weeks’ summer holiday and spending it at seaside resorts. Such holiday resorts were a new concept in the 2nd half of the 19th century, including the creation/major expansion of such sizeable towns as Blackpool, Scarborough, Southend-on-Sea, Weston-Super-Mare, Torquay, Weymouth, Bournemouth, and Margate - as well as many smaller resorts such as Exmouth, Ilfracombe, and Skegness.
I think the process was comparable in other countries which industrialised in the late 19th century, such as Germany with cities like Bremen, Dusseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Kassel, and Kiel growing rapidly from a quite small base, and other places that were a fair size before industialisation such as Munchen (Munich), Koln, Hanover, Hamburg, and Berlin, also expanding a lot.