In order to solve these, you want to combine the variables then isolate them on one side by adding/subtracting or multiplying/dividing whatever number is still with them.
4p + 8p + 12 = −48
We combine 4p and 8p into 12p, and 12 is subtracted from both sides to remove it from the left side make -60 on the right side.
12p = -60
Now we divide both sides by 12, to remove the 12 from 12p, and we end up with p = -5
p = -5
9w + 33 = 12w – 27
-3w = -60
w = 20
−2x + 7 = −21
-2x = -28
x = 14
25 = 10y + 8
10y = 17
y = 1.7