Type of Transport: Passive transport (facilitated diffusion)
Description: Water molecules (H₂O) move through protein channels, facilitated by a concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. The cell will reach equilibrium with the surrounding environment.
Type of Transport: Active transport (molecular pump)
Description: Molecules are actively pumped against the concentration gradient using energy (ATP). Arrows should indicate movement against the gradient. This process allows the cell to accumulate substances, and the cell may become more concentrated than its surroundings.
Type of Transport: Endocytosis
Description: The cell engulfs external material using vesicles. Arrows should show the engulfing process. This allows the cell to take in large particles or fluids.
Used in active transport but not passive transport. (E) Molecular pumps.
Process of taking in materials using a vesicle. (A) Endocytosis
Solution that causes water to rush out of the cell. (D) Hypertonic
Can be used in both active and passive transport. (A) Protein channel
Process of removing substances from the cell using a vesicle. (F) Exocytosis
Passive transport, as exemplified in Picture 5, involves the movement of water molecules (H₂O) through protein channels in the cell membrane. This process, known as facilitated diffusion, relies on a concentration gradient, with water flowing from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Arrows in the diagram should illustrate this directional movement, ultimately leading the cell to reach equilibrium with its surrounding environment.
Conversely, Picture 6 depicts active transport, where molecules are actively pumped against the concentration gradient using energy, typically derived from ATP. Arrows should indicate the movement against the gradient, highlighting the cell's ability to accumulate substances, potentially resulting in a higher concentration within the cell compared to its surroundings.
Picture 7 represents endocytosis, a form of active transport involving the cell engulfing external material through vesicles. Arrows should show the process of engulfing, allowing the cell to take in large particles or fluids.
The matching terms further elucidate these processes. Molecular pumps (E) are utilized in active transport but not passive transport, emphasizing their role in Picture 6. Endocytosis (A) corresponds to the process depicted in Picture 7, involving the cell taking in materials using vesicles. Hypertonic (D) is a solution causing water to rush out of the cell, relevant to the context of concentration gradients in Picture 6. Protein channels (A) are versatile and can be involved in both active and passive transport, as illustrated in Picture 5. Exocytosis (F), represented in Picture 7, refers to the process of removing substances from the cell using vesicles.