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What factors helped Kilwa become one of the richest and most powerful city states in Africa?

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Answer:

Kilwa had seized the port of Sofala, which was a trading center for gold mined inland. By controlling Sofala, Kilwa was able to control overseas trade of gold from southern Africa. Kilwa trading heavily in gold, ivory, textiles, jewelry, spices and slaves. For centuries it had the distinction of being known as the most famous trading post in all of East Africa.

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