Final answer:
Deception is sometimes necessary in research studies to prevent the influence of participants' knowledge on the results. However, it should be done ethically and participants should be informed afterwards. For example, in a study on the impact of attire on opinions, deception might be used to prevent participants from consciously considering this factor.
Step-by-step explanation:
While the informed consent form should be as honest as possible in describing exactly what participants will be doing, sometimes deception is necessary to prevent participants' knowledge of the exact research question from affecting the results of the study. Deception involves purposely misleading experiment participants in order to maintain the integrity of the experiment, but not to the point where the deception could be considered harmful. For example, if we are interested in how our opinion of someone is affected by their attire, we might use deception in describing the experiment to prevent that knowledge from affecting participants' responses. In cases where deception is involved, participants must receive a full debriefing upon conclusion of the study-complete, honest information about the purpose of the experiment, how the data collected will be used, the reasons why deception was necessary, and information about how to obtain additional information about the study.