Final answer:
A hypothesis is a provisional explanation for a scientific observation that can be tested. When supported by multiple experiments, it may contribute to a scientific theory, which is a robust explanation of phenomena. Both are essential components of the scientific method, which uses systematic testing and evaluation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested through further investigation and experimentation. Once a hypothesis has been repeatedly tested and supported by multiple experiments, it may become part of a scientific theory. A theory is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation of natural phenomena, which is backed by a substantial body of evidence. It's important to understand that in science, a theory isn't just a guess or an assumption; it's a conclusion supported by rigorous testing and evaluation of hypotheses.
For a hypothesis to be considered a scientific hypothesis, it must meet certain criteria: it has to be testable, allowing for the gathering of evidence that will either support or refute it. This process of testing and investigation follows the scientific method, a systematic approach involving observation, hypothesis formulation, and experimentation to explore and understand the world. For example, if John sneezes when visiting a friend with a cat, a hypothesis might be that John is allergic to cats. This explanation can then be tested with further observations and experiments to confirm or deny the allergic reaction.