Answer:
b. stamp act
Step-by-step explanation:
The English Parliament passed the Stamp Act in order to earn money to pay off debts from the Seven Years War.
The colonists were subject to a direct tax under the Stamp Act. According to the statute, starting in the fall of 1765, all legal papers and printed materials were to be marked with a tax stamp issued by commissioned distributors who would collect the tax in exchange for the stamp. Even playing cards and dice were subject to the law, along with wills, deeds, periodicals, and pamphlets.
The Stamp Act was sponsored by the British first lord of the treasury and prime minister, and it was approved by Parliament in 1765 without discussion.
The Stamp Act sparked fierce opposition since it was passed during a time of economic distress in the colonies. While the majority of colonists continued to acknowledge Parliament's right to control their commerce, they claimed that only their representative assemblies had the jurisdiction to impose direct internal taxes like the one the Stamp Act imposed. They disagreed with the British government's claim that even though they could not cast votes for lawmakers, all British subjects were virtually represented in Parliament.
The colonists also objected to the clause that barred jury trials for criminals. A vociferous minority claimed that the Stamp Act had sinister intentions. These radical voices forewarned that the levy was a component of an ongoing scheme to deny the colonists their freedoms and subjugate them under a despotic government. They questioned aloud why Parliament felt compelled to station soldiers in North America until after the French danger had been eliminated, playing on enduring anxieties of peacetime armies. These issues served as the ideological underpinning for a stepped-up colonial resistance.
The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament over the colonists' opposition. Slowly at initially, colonial opposition to the measure grew as the scheduled date of its implementation approached.
The resolutions were reproduced in newspapers across the colonies, allowing their radical message to reach a wide audience. The Stamp Act Congress, an extralegal conference made up of representatives from nine colonies that convened in October 1765, used the resolutions as the basis for its declarations. The Stamp Act Congress wrote petitions to the king affirming both their loyalty and the conviction that only the colonial assemblies had the constitutional authority to tax the colonists.
The colonists took action on their own while the Congress and the colonial assemblies wrote resolutions and circulated petitions against the Stamp Act. The most well-known popular uprising occurred in Boston, where the Sons of Liberty, who opposed the Stamp Act, rallied the local populace to their cause. This mob decapitated and then hung an effigy of Andrew Oliver, a Boston stamp seller, from the Liberty Tree before robbing Oliver's house and parading through the streets.
The Declaratory Act, a reaffirmation of the British government's authority to impose any laws it deemed fit on the colonists, was passed concurrently with the repeal of the Stamp Act. The colonists, however, were adamant in their belief that Parliament could not tax them. Before the Revolutionary War and, eventually, American freedom, the problems caused by the Stamp Act persisted. The repeal of the Stamp Act did not alter Parliament's belief that it was legitimate to tax colonists. The Declaratory Act, a reaffirmation of the British government's authority to impose any laws it deemed fit on the colonists, was passed concurrently with the repeal of the Stamp Act. However, the colonists held firm to their view that Parliament could not tax them. The issues raised by the Stamp Act festered for 10 years before giving rise to the Revolutionary War and, ultimately, American independence.
“The First Congress of the American Revolution” made its petitions for redress, and demanding that only the colonies themselves could enact a tax, not the Crown. Adjustments were made but the seeds of independence had been sown. In 1773 the Boston Tea Party took place. Boston became the hot-bed of revolutionary fervor and that led to the creation of the First Continental Congress.
Thank you,
Eddie