Final answer:
Voltaire was exiled for being against the Catholic Church and was an outspoken critic of the church, aristocracy, and French monarchy. He defended religious toleration, freedom of speech, and the use of reason in his writings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person who was exiled for being against the Catholic Church was Voltaire. He was an especially vigorous advocate of intrinsic rights and freedoms and an outspoken critic of the Catholic Church, the aristocracy, and the French monarchy. Voltaire was focused on defending religious toleration, freedom of speech, and the innate utility of reason. His works, such as Treatise on Tolerance and Republican Ideas, and his famous satire Candide, mocked established religion and secular government.