Final answer:
The Paris Commune was formed by radical socialists to protect France from a monarchy. It was an independent city-state organized along socialist lines. The commune was eventually suppressed, leading to the execution of many communards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The radical socialists who wanted to protect France from the threat of a monarchy and formed the Paris Commune. The Paris Commune was an independent city-state organized along socialist lines and lasted for a few months. However, the French army besieged the communards and eventually stormed the city, resulting in the execution of approximately 20,000 communards.