Question

Part 3:

Table 3
Sequence
of the 9
Example:
1-A
2-T
3-C
Nitrogen
Bases
4-
in
5-
6-
8-
9-
7-
Original
Codon
Pattern
ATC
Original Amino
Acid
Isoleucine
Mutation
#1:
Sequence
of
Nitrogen
Bases
A
C
T
Mutation
#1
Codon
Pattern
ACT
Mutation #1
Amino Acid
Threonine
Mutation
#2
Sequence
of
Nitrogen
Bases
A
с
с
Mutation
#12
Codon
Pattern
Mutation #2
Amino Acid
ACC Threonine
XXXX
XXXX

Answer 1

The genetic code is a sequence of codons composed of three nucleotide bases that encode amino acids, with 64 possible codons for 20 amino acids. Mutations can alter the amino acid sequence of a protein. The 'wobble' base in codons often allows for certain mutations to not affect the produced amino acid due to genetic code redundancy.

Step-by-step explanation:

The genetic code is a system of nucleotide sequences that dictate how proteins are built. It consists of codons, which are groups of three nitrogen bases that correspond to specific amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. In DNA, these bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine. There are 64 possible codons, coding for 20 amino acids, as well as start and stop signals in protein synthesis.

When mutations occur, such as a base substitution or insertion, the amino acid sequence can change, potentially altering the protein. For example, a mutation from ATC to ACT in the DNA results in a change from isoleucine to threonine in the encoded protein. The third base 'wobble' suggests that changes at the third base often do not alter the amino acid due to the redundancy of the genetic code.