Final answer:
The vertical axis or y-axis typically displays the dependent variable in a graph, which changes in response to the independent variable on the x-axis. It may show values such as frequencies, numerical data, or percentages, depending on the type of graph.
Step-by-step explanation:
On each side of the vertical axis, also known as the y-axis, different types of information can be shown depending on the type of graph. In a standard line or bar graph, the y-axis usually represents the dependent variable, which is the data that changes in response to the independent variable. For example, in a graph displaying time versus distance, time would be plotted on the horizontal axis (x-axis), as it is the independent variable, while distance would be shown on the y-axis because it is the dependent variable that changes as time progresses.
Other graphs may show different kinds of information on the y-axis, such as frequency points in the case of line graphs depicting survey results, or numerical or percentage values in bar graphs comparing sizes, quantities, rates, or distances. Moreover, in line graphs showing multiple datasets, such as the growth patterns of baby boys and girls, the y-axis represents a median value that can be used to assess physical development against a standard length portrayed on the x-axis.