Question

C. Consider the way that money and politics work. Give examples of the following kinds of corruption that were common at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.

1. Political machine :
2. Patronage :
3. Nepotism :
4. Cronyism :

Answer 1

During the Gilded Age, political corruption was rampant with practices like political machines epitomized by Tammany Hall, patronage (or 'spoils system'), nepotism, and cronyism which involved favoritism towards friends and family in political appointments and privileges.

Step-by-step explanation:

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, several forms of corruption were prevalent within politics and government. Examples of these corrupt practices include:

• Political machine: This refers to an informal political group aiming to gain and maintain power, often led by a powerful party boss. Tammany Hall, in New York, is a historical example of a political machine where 'Boss' Tweed used bribes and graft to secure votes and political influence.
• Patronage: Also known as the 'spoils system', patronage is the practice of a political party giving government civil service jobs to its supporters as a reward for their support, rather than on merit.
• Nepotism: This form of corruption involves favoring relatives or friends by providing them with jobs or other benefits within government or political offices despite their lack of qualifications.
• Cronyism: Similar to nepotism, cronyism is the act of appointing friends and associates to positions of authority or allocating them benefits, without necessarily considering their qualifications or competencies.

These corrupt practises hindered fair governance and political progress by placing personal gain and loyalty above the public interest and merit.