Answer:
a. Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans
Step-by-step explanation:
Between the years 1815 to 1914, the Ottoman Empire experienced a decline in its powers and influence.
The decline was caused majorly by series of alliances and conflicts with the European powers at the time such as the British, French, and Russia.
For example, the Crimean War lasted between 1853 to 1856.
Also, the effects of the Russo-Turkish war between 1877 to 1878
All of these were a result of the European power expansion agenda which led to the dividing and eventual dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.