Question

From tree to supermarket shelf, it.......................the Menzas' coffee beans can change hands as

many as 100 times, whilst the Menzas, like millions of other coffee growers, retain only a tiny share
of the price consumers pay for the crop

O a. has been estimated
O b. has estimated
O c. had estimated
O d. had been estimated​

Answer 1

From tree to supermarket shelf, it has been estimated the Menzas' coffee beans can change hands as many as 100 times, whilst the Menzas, like millions of other coffee growers, retain only a tiny share of the price consumers pay for the crop