Answer:
Personification, metaphor.
Step-by-step explanation:
A figure of speech or figurative language is the use of certain elements of literature that helps the author present or describe the scenes or characters in the text. This is a deviation from the conventional way of describing and allows the author to paint a more colorful image in the readers.
In the given poem "Jetliner" by Naoshi Koriyama, the jetliner is compared to that of a human runner, an athlete. In this comparison, the poet used a metaphor without using "like" or "as".
Also, in presenting the non-living jetliner as a human being, "looking straight ahead. . . slowly begins to jog kicking the dark earth hard. . ." the poet Naoshi personifies the jetliner. Giving human attributes to any non-living entity is known as personification.