Final answer:
The DNA sequence mutation CGACCTCAA instead of CGACCTGAA can lead to a point mutation, and depending on the specific codon change, may alter amino acid sequence or be a synonymous change. Frameshift mutations, caused by insertions or deletions, can lead to more dramatic effects on the protein by shifting the reading frame and possibly introducing stop codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a mutation changes a complete piece of DNA so that its sequence reads CGACCTCAA instead of CGACCTGAA, this is an example of a point mutation, specifically a base substitution. The change from G (guanine) to C (cytosine) in the sequence could potentially alter the amino acid encoded by the affected codon during the process of transcription and translation. The new codon may either encode a different amino acid, which could alter the protein's function, or it could be a synonymous mutation, which means that the new codon still encodes the same amino acid due to the redundancy of the genetic code.
From the examples provided, insertions and deletions such as frameshift mutations can also cause significant effects on the downstream protein sequence. Unlike point mutations, frameshifts change the reading frame and often result in completely different proteins being produced, sometimes nonfunctional due to premature stop codons or extensive amino acid changes.