Answer: b) discouraging births
Step-by-step explanation:
The population of the humans on Earth keeps rising and this had led to increased competition for resources in many places as well as overcrowding problems.
Anti-natalist policy advocates believe that the way to mitigate this is to discourage people from giving birth to too many children. China at some point for instance, introduced a ''one child policy'' that saw them force families to have only one child.