i can help you with the first 3!
1. asado is barbecued beef, chorizo is new york strip steak and lomo is fillet
2. an empanada is stuffed shell shaped pies, they can be stuffed with beef, ham, cheese, vegetables, fish or fruits
3. dulce de leche is a carmelized milk-sugar spread, it’s made from milk and sugar and it’s eaten in cake, on ice cream or fruit & on top of toast & waffles