Final answer:
Baroque is a period in western art from c. 1600 to the middle of the 18th century, characterized by drama and rich color. The Baroque style in Italy is influenced by the Counter-Reformation and emphasizes intense piety, dramatic colors, and the effects of light. Baroque art reflected the social turmoil in Europe and showcased the use of chiaroscuro and tenebrism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Baroque is a period in western art from c. 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. It is characterized by drama, rich color, and dramatic contrast between light and shadow. The Baroque style in Italy is the direct result of the Counter-Reformation, where the Church needed a powerful style of art to combat Martin Luther. Baroque art reflected the social turmoil existing in Europe and placed emphasis on images of intense piety, dramatic colors, and the effects of light and theatrical physical poses.