Final answer:
Functionalism views society as a complex system with interrelated parts that maintain social order. Conflict theory sees society as a battleground where groups compete for power and resources. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret symbols and interact in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three major theoretical perspectives in sociology — functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism — define society in different ways.
Functionalism:
Functionalism views society as a complex system where each part has a specific function that contributes to the overall stability and functioning of the whole. Society is seen as a system of interrelated parts, and each part serves a purpose in maintaining social order and stability. For example, functionalists would view education as a social institution that prepares individuals for their future roles in society, such as acquiring knowledge and skills for the workforce.
Conflict Theory:
Conflict theory views society as a battleground where different social groups are in constant conflict over power, resources, and social inequality. Conflict theorists believe that society is divided into dominant and subordinate groups, and the struggle between them shapes social dynamics. In the context of society, conflicts can arise due to differences in wealth, social status, and access to resources. Using the example of education, conflict theorists would argue that the education system perpetuates social inequalities by favoring certain groups over others.
Symbolic Interactionism:
Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interact with symbols and meaning in society. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social interactions, language, and shared meanings in shaping one's understanding of society. Symbolic interactionists study how individuals interpret and respond to the symbols, gestures, and interactions they encounter in their daily lives. In the case of education, symbolic interactionists would examine the interactions between students and teachers in the classroom and how those interactions shape their educational experiences and perceptions of society.