Answer:
1)The polar desert areas are characterized by two desertifying factors: high atmospheric pressures (constant presence of anticyclone) and, especially, the low or zero rate of rainfall per year since the temperature is constantly below 0 ° C the water is naturally in state.
2)Most deserts are formed in high-pressure subtropical areas, caused by the equatorial wind belts. Together with the characteristics of the wind, this lack of clouds means that there is less precipitation.