The oral Sabin vaccine protects against polio, also known as poliomyelitis. This vaccine was developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and is used to immunize individuals against the poliovirus, which can cause polio, a potentially crippling and deadly disease. The oral Sabin vaccine is one of the two main types of vaccines used in the global effort to eradicate polio, with the other being the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).